WARNING
Do not attempt to turn over and/or start the engine
by hand unless you have had proper instruction and
experience. If pulling the propeller through by hand is
necessary, be sure the master and magnetos are in the
OFF position and the throttle closed. Have a pilot at the
controls and chock/tie down the aircraft. When pulling
the propeller through by hand, treat it as if the ignition
switch is turned on. A loose or broken ground wire on
either magneto could cause the engine to fire.

CAUTION
Do not over-prime or excessively pump the
throttle (carburetor accelerator pump) due to the result-ing
fire hazard.

The use of the fuel primer will vary with each
engine and temperature condition. If the engine is
warm, little or no prime is required. During cold
weather conditions, 4 to 6 priming strokes may be
required.

During cold weather operation (below 20 degrees
F) it is recommended that the engine be preheated by
directing warm air through the opening in the bottom or
front of the engine cowl. This practice will prolong the
service life of the engine and starter.
In very cold weather, it is important to use the
proper viscosity engine oil and to run the engine suffi-?ciently long to bring the engine oil to the normal operat-ing
temperature.

During ground operation, the mixture should be
FULL RICH and the carburetor/alternate air COLD to
ensure good engine cooling and filtered air. Prolonged
idle below 1000 RPM is not recommended due to plug
fouling and insufficient cooling air when the aircraft is
not in motion.

Aircraft landing characteristics are conventional.
Either wheel landings or full stalls (3 point) are permis-sible.
During gusty wind conditions, increase airspeed
approximately 5 MPH above normal, and perform a
wheel landing.

Full stall (3 point) landings are recommended for
soft or rough fields.

Crosswind approaches can best be accomplished
by using the wing down, top rudder method followed
by either a full stall or wheel landing technique. Keep
the lower wing into the wind after touchdown. Do not
drop the tail until airspeed is well below flying speed.

CAUTION
The use of wheel brakes is not recommended until
after the tail wheel is in contact with the ground. For
maximum braking, the control stick should be FULL
AFT.

Descent should be made with enough power to
maintain cylinder and oil temperatures in the green arc.
If possible, avoid windmilling the engine with the
propeller by reducing airspeed or increasing power.